No garden is complete without shrubs—to provide privacy when planted as a hedge, give wildlife food and shelter, create a beautiful backdrop for smaller plants, and offer flowers, fragrance, and shade.
Dogwood (Cornus)
Dogwood (Cornus)
The underlying rosy hue of dogwood branches provides bright landscape color through even the most severe Minnesota winter. The extensive root system tolerates poorly drained soil, and can be useful for erosion control. Small white flowers appear in June, followed by white berries that many birds and other wildlife find appealing.
The newest variety, Garden Glow™, adds chartreuse foliage and a luminous glow to a shady landscape. 'Cardinal' was introduced for its vivid red winter twig color. 'Isanti' is a slower-growing selection of native dogwood. Garden Glow™ performs best in filtered sunlight or where it receives protection from the afternoon sun. 'Cardinal' and 'Isanti' grow well in full sun or partial shade.
Research
Pagoda or alternate leaf dogwood is a Minnesota native. Creamy white blossoms on horizontal branches light up the woods in May, and lead to attractive blue fruits in the fall. Unfortunately, the trees are highly susceptible to Cryptodiaporthe canker, a problem identified more than a century ago. Trees rarely attain a trunk diameter greater than four inches before the tree succumbs. U of M researchers collected canker samples from around the state in order to isolate and culture the fungus. New seedlings, grown from seeds from hardy trees across Minnesota, are systematically infected with the cultured pathogen in the first step to develop a canker-resistant cultivar. In the process, breeders will select for improved fall color, richer and varied flower color, and larger flower size.
U of M Dogwood (Cornus) Varieties
| Image | Variety | Year | Blooms & Berries | Features | Plant Size |
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Cardinal | 1986 | White flowers, May to June | Youth twig growth is bright red for winter | 8-10' |
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Garden Glow™ |
2001 | Small white flowers in late spring, white berries mid-summer | Brilliant yellow-green foliage. Red stems in winter. Thrives in shade | 6' |
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Isanti | 1971 | Small white flowers in spring | Mound shape. Fine twigs with red bark | 4-5' |
Golden Glow™ is a trademark of the University of Minnesota.
Forsythia (Forsythia)
Forsythia (Forsythia)
The bright yellow flowers of forsythia appear before the leaves, signaling the arrival of spring. 'Northern Sun' was bred to flower in early spring despite cold temperatures. A forsythia's vigorous growth makes it suitable for screens and bank plantings. 'Northern Sun' thrives in full sun and tolerates poor soil.
U of M Forsythia (Forsythia) Variety
| Image | Variety | Year | Blooms | Features | Plant Size |
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Northern Sun | 1982 | Bright Yellow | Hardy to -30° F. Fast growing. Tolerates a wide range of soils | 10' |
Pearlbush (Exochorda)
Pearlbush (Exochorda)
'Northern Pearls' is the only selection of pearlbush hardy for Minnesota. Its name comes from its flower buds, arrayed like pearls along a stem. In early May, each bud opens into a showy white flower, two inches across. It can be pruned to a single trunk for a small tree, or grown as a five- to eight-foot shrub.
U of M Pearlbush (Exochorda) Variety
| Image | Variety | Year | Blooms | Features | Plant Size |
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Northern Pearls | 1995 | Pearly white | Attractive flowers. Showy exfoliating bark | 5-8' |
Viburnum (Viburnum)
Viburnum (Viburnum)
Two hardy viburnum varieties, 'HomeFree' and ‘Emerald Triumph’, have great potential as buckthorn replacements in Midwestern landscapes. Commonly known as nannyberry, the bushes feature dark green, glossy foliage and creamy white flowers in late spring. The compact shrub grows 6 to 10 feet wide and high with dense foliage, making it an ideal choice for screen hedges.
‘HomeFree’ is extremely resistant to powdery mildew and will do better in shade than other varieties. Fruit turns bright red in August and changes to bluish-black by mid-autumn. Fall color may not develop completely before a hard freeze, but in the South, the foliage turns bronze to dark red.
U of M Viburnum (Viburnum) Varieties
| Image | Variety | Year | Blooms | Features | Plant Size |
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Emerald Triumph | 1994 | White, showy and nearly flat flower clusters in mid-May | Hardy to -30° F. Best in full sun to part shade and in well-drained soil | 6-10' |
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HomeFree | 2015 | White, flat clusters in mid-May | Attributes like 'Emerald Triumph' but is especially resistant to powdery mildew | 6-10' |
